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                <text>Rabbit Holes</text>
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              <text>Ĝeškiĝti  -  Gašam  -  Ummia</text>
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              <text>&lt;a href="https://lawrencecatania.com/research/GeometArchitech.htm" title="GeometArchitech" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"&gt;https://lawrencecatania.com/research/GeometArchitech.htm&lt;/a&gt;</text>
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              <text>The Collective "Workshop" Group&#13;
&#13;
While this cuneiform word literally translates to "kiln" or "the place of wood and work (workshop)," the Sumerians frequently used it as a collective, generic noun for "the group of artisans" or "the craftsman class". If a palace administrator was dispatching rations or orders to the entire artisanal division, they would address them as the ĝeškiĝti.&#13;
&#13;
The "Specialist"&#13;
&#13;
The word gašam was used for anyone who possessed high-level, practical knowledge. It translates broadly to "specialist," "craftsman," or "wise person". It was a generic title applied to master artisans to acknowledge that their hands-on manual expertise required deep intellectual capability and specialized training.&#13;
&#13;
The "Master"&#13;
&#13;
As mentioned previously, ummia (which later became ummānu in the Akkadian language) was the umbrella term for a "master craftsman" or "expert". This was the generic word used to distinguish a seasoned, highly skilled professional from an apprentice or a standard, unskilled laborer</text>
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